Cartografia social e mapeamento participativo na gestão comunitária: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-Vol24-Issue3-fulltext-3414Palavras-chave:
cartografia social , gestão comunitária do risco de desastres, mapeamento participativo, participação comunitária, resiliência comunitáriaResumo
A cartografia social constitui uma metodologia participativa fundamental na gestão local do risco de desastres, ao permitir representar problemas, recursos e estratégias de adaptação comunitária. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como as pesquisas empíricas têm utilizado a cartografia social em processos de gestão do risco baseados na comunidade. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA 2020. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost e SciELO, selecionando 22 artigos em inglês e espanhol publicados entre 2010 e 2024 que atendiam aos critérios de elegibilidade. O protocolo foi registrado no Open Science Framework (OSF). Os resultados evidenciam o uso predominante da cartografia social para identificar áreas de risco, fatores de vulnerabilidade, ameaças, recursos e experiências anteriores de desastres. No entanto, a participação comunitária concentrou-se em níveis consultivos, com pouca incidência na tomada de decisões. Embora a incorporação de tecnologias geoespaciais tenha melhorado a precisão e a aplicabilidade do mapeamento, persistem desafios em sua conceituação e avaliação. Conclui-se que o fortalecimento dessa ferramenta requer a promoção de processos de coconstrução de conhecimento, deliberação coletiva e planejamento participativo orientados para a aprendizagem social e a sustentabilidade das ações comunitárias.
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