Mães de crianças vítimas de abuso sexual: da culpabilização à agência
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-Vol25-Issue1-fulltext-3598Palavras-chave:
abuso sexual infantil, agência materna, culpa materna, narrativas, mães não agressorasResumo
O abuso sexual infantil transcende as vítimas diretas e impacta seus ambientes significativos, especialmente as mães não agressoras. A revisão da literatura mostra que uma experiência compartilhada pelas mães não agressoras é a culpa e a culpabilização pelos abusos sexuais vividos por seus filhos. O artigo busca contribuir para a compreensão da complexidade das experiências emocionais das mães não agressoras no período pós-revelação do abuso, seus processos de ressignificação e exercício de sua agência. Os resultados revelam seu posicionamento moral e estratégias protetoras a partir de uma perspectiva não culpabilizadora. Com uma metodologia qualitativa e um desenho narrativo, é realizada uma análise temática, a partir de entrevistas com 17 mães não infratoras sobre suas experiências emocionais no período pós-revelação do abuso sexual infantil. As mães abordam seus sentimentos de culpa em relação ao abuso sofrido por seus filhos, revelando uma interação complexa entre uma autoavaliação negativa, a pressão dos mandatos sociais, as mudanças em sua identidade como mães e na criação dos filhos, e o que elas descrevem como o processo de ressignificação da culpa e recuperação de sua agência como figuras protetoras.
Referências
Arnull, E., & Stewart, S. (2021). Developing a theoretical framework to discuss mothers experiencing domestic violence and being subject to interventions: A cross-national perspective. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 10(2), 113-126. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1952
Azzopardi, C. (2015). The discursive construction of gendered attributions of blame for child sexual abuse. A feminist critical discourse analysis of maternal failure to protect in child welfare policy and practice [Tesis doctoral, University of Toronto]. https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/items/5a147732-c58e-47ae-a9ff-f4df57f693ce
Azzopardi, C. (2022). Gendered attributions of blame and failure to protect in child welfare responses to sexual abuse: A feminist critical discourse analysis. Violence Against Women, 28(6-7), 1631-1658. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012211024263
Azzopardi, C., Alaggia, R., & Fallon, B. (2018). From Freud to feminism: Gendered constructions of blame across theories of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(3), 254-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2017.1390717
Browne, D., Hanna, D., Jordan, J., Howie, C., & Dyer, K. (2025). The lived experience of mothers of children who have been sexually abused. An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 82(2), 198-206. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.70057
Butler, J., Gambetti, Z., & Sabsay, L. (2017). Vulnerability in resistance. Duke University Press.
Charrad, M. (2010). Women’s agency across cultures: Conceptualizing strengths and boundaries. Women's Studies International Forum, 33(6), 517-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2010.09.004
Chase, S. (2018). Narrative inquiry: Towards theoretical and methodological maturity. En N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (5th ed., pp. 546-560). Sage.
Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. Thematic Analysis, 1-100. Sage.
Davies, M., & Bennett, D. (2021). Parenting stress in non-offending caregivers of sexually abused children. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 31, 633-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2021.1985676
Del Río, M. T., & Latorre, M. S. (2025). Experiencias de las figuras parentales no ofensoras en la interacción con los programas de intervención psicosociojurídica dirigidos a niños y niñas víctimas de abuso sexual y sus familias. Límite, 20. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-50652025000100209
Echeburúa, E., Corral, P., & Amor, P. (2002). Estrategias de afrontamiento ante los sentimientos de culpa. Análisis y Modificación de la Conducta, 27(116), 905-929.
Fong, H., Bennett, C., Mondestin, V., Scribano, P., Mollen, C., & Wood, J. (2020). The impact of child sexual abuse discovery on caregivers and families: A qualitative study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(21-22), 4189-4215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517714437
Kamitz, L., & Gannon, T. (2023). A grounded theory model of relationship decision-making in non-offending partners of individuals accused of sexual offending. Sexual Abuse, 36(1), 76-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/10790632231159075
Johnson, H., Block, S., Gonzales, J., Ramsey, M., Shockley, K., & Williams, L. (2024). Predictors of non-offending caregiver support in cases of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 149, 106650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106650
Latorre, M. S. (2023a). Impactos familiares del abuso sexual infantil: una revisión de alcance. Psicoperspectivas, 22(1), 107-126. https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-vol22-issue1-fulltext-2686
Latorre, M.S. (2023b). Experiencias y significados asociados a las transiciones y las relaciones familiares en el período postdevelación del abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar, desde las narrativas de figuras parentales y hermanos no ofensores [tesis de posgrado]. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. https://doi.org/10.7764/tesisuc/psi/80443
Martínez, M. (2019). Una aproximación a la noción de agencia desde la vulnerabilidad. International Journal on Collective Identity Research, 1, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1387/pceic.20616
Martínez, J. & Sinclair, C. (2006). Culpa o responsabilidad. Terapia con madres de niñas y niños que han sufrido abuso sexual. Psykhe, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-22282006000200003
Maynard, E., Blake-Holmes, K., Bynoe, S., Culpin, I., Williams, G., Hayes, V., & Wojtowicz, M. (2025). ‘Just ask me how I am’. Voicing experiences of mental health difficulties and parenting; the impact of communication and kindness. Advances in Mental Health, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/18387357.2025.2517316
McCarthy, A., Cyr, M., Fernet, M., & Hébert, M. (2019). Maternal emotional support following the disclosure of child sexual abuse: A qualitative study. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 28(3), 259-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1534919
McElvaney, R., & Nixon, E. (2020). Parents’ experiences of their child’s disclosure of child sexual abuse. Family Process, 59(4), 1773-1788. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12507
McGillivray, C., Pidgeon, A., Ronken, C., & Credland-Ballantyne, C. (2018). Resilience in non-offending mothers of children who have reported experiencing sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(7), 793-810. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1477221
Mitchell, J. (2021). The nature of emotional experience. En Emotion as feeling towards value. Oxford University Press.
Mueller, R. (2019). Episodic narrative interview. Capturing stories of experience with a methods fusion. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919866044
Naeem, M., Ozuem, W., Hoell, K., & Ranfagni, S. (2023). A step-by-step process of thematic analysis to develop a conceptual model in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231205789
Nussbaum, M. (2006). El ocultamiento de lo humano. Repugnancia, vergüenza y ley. Katz.
Nussbaum, M. (2008). Paisajes del pensamiento. Paidós.
Orange, D. (2005). ¿Vergüenza de quién?: Mundos de humillación y sistemas de restauración. Aperturas Psicoanalíticas, 20.
Orange, D. (2013). El extraño que sufre. Cuatro Vientos.
Ramsey, G., & Deem M. (2022). Empathy and the evolutionary emergence of guilt. Philosophy of Science, 89(3), 434-453. https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2021.36
Rancher, C., Are, F., Goodrum, N., & Smith, D. (2022). Longitudinal predictors of mother- and child-report of maternal support following child sexual abuse. Child Maltreatment, 28, 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595211061163
Riessman, C. (2008). Narrative methods for the human sciences. Sage.
Serin, H. (2021). Non-abusing mothers’ agency after disclosure of the child’s extra-familial sexual abuse. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 28(4), 532-546. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506820944432
Scott, E. (2022). Identifying and challenging mother blaming in Canadian child protection [Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto]. https://arcabc.ca/islandora/object/ufv%3A39739
Sinai-Glazer, H., & Brummans, B. (2022). Modes of relational agency among welfare-reliant mothers, The British Journal of Social Work, 52(1), 536-553. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab006
Sufredini, F., Moré, C., Krenkel, S., & Crepaldi, M. (2020). Narratives of mothers whose children had been sexually abused: Maternal reactions and comprehension regarding child and adolescent sexual abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37, 3320-3345. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520948520
Sufredini, F. (2021). Coping strategies of mothers who had children sexually abused, Psicologia Clínica, 33, (2), 1-23. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/158615
Theimer, K., & Hansen, D. (2020). Identifying and addressing barriers to treatment for child sexual abuse survivors and their non-offending caregivers. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 52, 101418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101418
Thompson, A. (2017). The lived experience of non-offending mothers in cases of intrafamilial child sexual abuse: Towards a preliminary model of loss, trauma and recovery [doctoral dissertation]. Edith Cowan University, Perth WA, Australia. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1972/
Toews, K., Cummings, J., & Williamson, L. (2021). Warmth, competence, and blame: Examining mothers of sexually abused children within the stereotype content model. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(11-12), 5334-5359. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518805773
Toews, K., Cummings, J., & Zagrodney, J. (2019). Mother blame and the just world theory in child sexual abuse cases. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(21-22), 4661-4686. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516675922
Valente, S., Iborra, I., & Mora, J. (2025). Psychological and social impact on mothers of minors who have experienced child sexual abuse: A systematic review. Psychiatry International, 6(4), 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint6040158
Vasilachis de Gialdino, I. (2006). Estrategias de investigación cualitativa. Gedisa.
Vaughan-Eden, V. (2022). Engaging nonoffending mothers of sexually abused children. In R. Krugman, & J. Korbin (Eds.), Handbook of child maltreatment (pp. 559-574). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82479-2_28
Vilvens, H., Jones, D., & Vaughn, L. (2021). Exploring the recovery of non-offending parents after a child’s sexual abuse event. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30, 2690-2704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02082-3
Wallis, C., & Woodworth, M. (2021). Non-offending caregiver support in cases of child sexual abuse: An examination of the impact of support on formal disclosures. Child Abuse & Neglect, 113, 104929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104929
Woodiwiss, J., Smith, K., & Lockwood, K. (Eds.). (2017). Feminist narrative research: Opportunities and challenges. Palgrave Macmillan.
Zagrodney, J. (2024). Mother and father blaming in child sexual abuse cases [doctoral dissertation]. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. https://harvest.usask.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/a588e0b2-2585-495f-9773-3cd3f70bf387/content
Zagrodney, J., & Cummings, J. (2021). Examining parental expectations and fault attributions for child sexual abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(7-8), 3732-3754. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518778262
Downloads
Arquivos adicionais
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 María Soledad Latorre Latorre, María Teresa Del Río Albornoz (Autor)
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
O(Os)/A(As) autores concedem licença exclusiva e sem limite de tempo para primeira publicação na Revista Psicoperspectivas. Individuo y Sociedad, editada com o respaldo da Escuela de Psicología da Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile).
O artigo sera publicado sob Licença Creative Commons 4.0 Internacional 4.0 Internacional.