De reconciliación política a rehabilitación funcional en las acciones estatales de reparación (Chile, 1992-2023)

Abstract

Comprehensive reparation constitutes a state obligation in the face of human rights violations, although its implementation depends on complex strategic configurations. This work seeks to understand the discourse surrounding Chilean state actions of recognition and reparation for human rights violations committed during the last dictatorship (1973-1990) and the social uprising (2019-2022). From a governmentality perspective, we conducted a qualitative study analyzing, through official documentation, the state's discourse and the national trajectory of reparative actions. We identified a long process of construction and stabilization between 1990 and 2011, focused on reparation for the political community and individual victims through notions of truth, reconciliation, and comprehensive reparation. In contrast, between 2019 and 2023, the status of human rights violations became a matter of public and political controversy, resulting in reparation described as comprehensive but focused primarily on the treatment of physical injuries. This shift privileged the biological body as the main object of state reparative action, sidelining the community and the person as subjects of recognition and reparation.